Karl Marx is the greatest theorist of work. He had distinctive insight into the troubled and contradictory life of "the proletariat, the modern working class". Marx saw work as an arena where, potentially, a worker could not only "create an objective world by his practical activity", but also "freely develop his physical and mental energy". On the other hand, in real work in the bourgeois society he lived in, the worker "mortifies his body and ruins his mind... he does not affirm himself, but denies himself... he feels himself only outside his work, and in his work he feels outside himself". Marx thought that even as work insulted and injured the workers, it made them smart enough to see what was going on, angry enough and disciplined enough to organize and revolt against a social system that turned work int a travesty of what it could be. This revolutionary vision was not only thrilling and terrifying, but plausible.
Marshall Berman
1940 - 2013
