Political project

The youth of the south are facing very serious cognitive problems. They look like retarded children.

Aristocracy of labour

The existence of a labour aristocracy is explained by the super-profits of monopoly, which allows the capitalists to devote a part (and not a small one at that!) to bribe their own workers, to create something like an alliance between the workers of a given nation and their capitalists against the other countries. This "bribery" operates through trusts, the financial oligarchy, high prices, etc. (i.e. something like joint monopolies between a given capitalism and its workers).

Opportunist philistine

Opportunism and social chauvinism represent a majority of the proletariat.

For revolutionaries there's no point in delving deeper for to "real masses", they don't listen. Marxism is not popular among workers.

And second, that the labour parties now irrevocably sold to the bourgeoisie will not disappear. Before nor in some way return to the revolutionary proletariat.

Imperialism and the Split

Lenin's theory of imperialism argues that the "handul of the richest, privileged nations" turned into "parasites on the body of the rest of mankind", i.e. into collective exploiters, and suggests a division of the world into "exploiting" and "proletarian" nations.

Lenin's theory of imperialism argues that the "handul of the richest, privileged nations" turned into "parasites on the body of the rest of mankind", i.e. into collective exploiters, and suggests a division of the world into "exploiting" and "proletarian" nations.

The more general argument about the dangers of "spontaneity" and "selfish" economism in the trade union movement retains all its force. It is indeed one of the most fundamental and permanently illuminating contributions of Lenin to marxism.

Porque não me ufano

O marxismo jamais será popular entre os operários do subdesenvolvido Brasil. O oportunismo e o chauvinismo social representam os operários e não Karl Marx.

O partido dos trabalhadores foi aburguesado, homens e mulheres superegoístas estão sendo favorecidos por um sistema cada vez mais injusto e desigual.

A tendência filistéia oportunista irá corromper os setores da classe de trabalhadores que não foram - ainda - corrompidos. Não haverá nem mesmo uma solidariedade superficial. A maioria será corrompida e estará abertamente vendida à burguesia e ao fascismo.

Aphorism of underdevelopment

In Brazil, it is easier to traffic cocaine than to own a bookstore.

Aphorism of underdevelopment

The political arena has turned into a studio audience show. Literally a dive bar with shouting and insults. The people are well represented.

Poem of underdevelopment

Two hundred twenty-nine thousand 

unemployed people in RS.

Two hundred twenty-nine thousand 

unemployed people in RS.

Two hundred twenty-nine thousand 

unemployed people in RS.

Two hundred twenty-nine thousand 

unemployed people in RS.

Two hundred twenty-nine thousand 

unemployed people in RS.

Two hundred twenty-nine thousand 

unemployed people in RS.

Two hundred twenty-nine thousand 

unemployed people in RS.

No future

The southern states are competing to see will be the most reactionary.

Ecological collapse

The southerner's universe is a succession of errors and shouting.

Conditions of the working class

Thanks to the peculiar position of capitalism - vast colonial possessions and monopolist position in the world markets - the working class tend to be divided into a avoured minority of labour aristocrats and a much larger lower stratum.

The upper stratum becomes bourgeois, while at the same time a section of the proletariat allows itself to be led by people who are bought by the bourgeoisie, or at least are in their pay.

Conditions of the working class

The "law of uneven development" within capitalism - i.e. the diversity of conditions in different industries, regions, etc. of the same economy - a purely "economist" labour movement must tend to fragment the working class into "selfish" ("petty bourgeois") segments each pursuing its own interest, if necessary in alliance with its own employers, at the expense of the rest.

The new insults have arrived

The underdeveloped person does not know how to build a good society.

Pour Marx

In our philosophic memory we recall this as the time of the intellectuals in arms, pursuing error into all its hiding places, as the time when we philosophers wrote no books, but turned every book into politics, and cut the world - arts, literature, philosophy, science - with a single blade into the pitiless blocs of class division.

Louis Althusser 

1918 - 1990

The perversity in power

In Brazil, famine, poverty, illiteracy, prostitution and all misery will never be eradicated. But on the contrary, they will intensify.

Marx

Maxism is today a genuine world movement, for after all, what gives it its most obvious appeal in the world today is, the analysis of the imperialist phase of capitalism.

Politically, that the major problem in non-socialist countries is that of how many and what diferent roads there are to socialism.

The task of marxists is to divide the countries of the world into realistic groupings and to analyze properly the very diferent conditions of progress in each group.

We must go back to marxism as a scientific method.

Marxism is a tool for changing the world by knowledge, which we as politicians then use. It is not a means of scoring debating points in politics.

Waiting for new insults

In Brazil, sharing books brings more detractores than friends.

Waiting for new insults

Judging by the comments (pussy, cock, fuck you, son of a bitch, etc, etc, etc) the impact of universal education is evident.

A country of imbeciles

Stop doing cocaine, you underdeveloped moron.

Lay off the weed, you underdeveloped moron.

Give up alcohol, addicted.

Read, son of a bitch. Do you good.

The dialogue on marxism

Marxism is not a body of finished theories and discoveries, but a process of development; that Marx's own thought, for instance, went on developing throughout his life.

There are no shortcuts to marxism: neither the appeal to Lenin against Stalin, nor to Marx, nor to the young Marx against the older Marx. There is only hard, and long, and in the present circumstances perhaps inconclusive work.

Eric Hobsbawm

1917 - 2012

Ugliness

In Brazil, a writer cannot write about beauty. Can't.
Beauty has died.

Beauty

At any time between 1750 and 1930 if you had asked educated people to describe the aim of poetry, art or music, they would have replied, "beauty". And if you had asked for the point of that, you would have learned that beauty is a value - as important as truth and goodness. Then in the twentieth century, beauty stopped being important. Art increasingly aimed to disturb and to break moral taboos. It was not beauty, but originality, however achieved and at whatever moral cost that won the prizes. Not only has art made a cult of ugliness, architecture too has become soulless and sterile. And it's not just our physical surroundings that have become ugly. Our language, our music and our manners are increasingly raucous, self-centered, and offensive, as though beauty and good taste have no real place in our lives. I think we are losing beauty and with it there is the danger that we will lose the meaning of life.

Roger Scruton

1944 - 2020

Porque não me ufano

Os militantes de esquerda que se encontram muito bem inseridos na estrutura pública nunca fizeram um esforço para derrubar o sistema capitalista, sempre aceitaram de bom grado a existência dessa estrutura. Os politiqueros sequer juntam esforços para melhorar a condições de sua base eleitoral e cada vez mais aceitam as teorias liberal-burguesa bem como suas práticas de extrativismo predatório. Um exemplo notório é do Partido dos Trabalhadores que há décadas tornou-se um partido de tendências neoliberal, podemos arriscar chamá-lo de um partido reformista moderado, infelizmente, tudo é business. Na verdade, na agremiação lulista nunca houve fase radical, de ser um grupo de vanguarda revolucionária enquanto organização de massas, consciência política de classe e desenvolvimento de ideologias anticapitalistas.

Se a revolução não ocorre em países avançados, os únicos que poderiam engendrar um movimento consciente do proletariado a nível de massas, não será um país desorganizado e pobre, sem experiência e tradição revolucionárias como o Brasil que haverá algum movimento de ação transformadora. Nem mesmo a perpetuação da miséria planejada pelas classes dominantes proporciona uma educação revolucionária entre os miseráveis do terceiro mundo.

No mais, nenhum partido brasileiro irá desenvolver um programa para o socialismo baseado na socialização dos meios de produção, distribuição e troca e na planificação. Os subdesenvolvidos não sonham nem mesmo com a qualidade de vida ou com a possibilidade de construir uma boa sociedade para todos.

Karl Marx

The greatest theorist of work. The man who dedicated his life to demonstrating the internal contradictions of capitalism.

Sex work is not work

Under Stalin, there was no room for prostitution.

The uninhabitable earth

The planet's air won't just be warmer; it will likely also be dirtier, more oppressive, and more sickening.

Porque não me ufano

No Brasil não se ganha dinheiro com dignidade. Não se é possível ganhar dinheiro sem ser desonesto. Tudo na periferia está vulgarizado, embrutecido, sujo, feio, barulhento e, assustadoramente, burro. O Brasil é um país sem ideal.

Porque não me ufano

Um proletariado com baixíssima instrução jamais será o coveiro do capital, mas antes o seu instrumento, o seu escravo.

Laboratory of underdevelopment

Terrible universal education.

Shouting and bullshit have become two national characteristics.

A state of illiterates

People are not honest, do not study, and have no ideals.

Only criminals prosper in Brazil.

A state of illiterates

The PL is going to govern Rio Grande do Sul. It gets worse day by day.

Laboratory of underdevelopment

Who will educate the arrogant elderly women?

Laboratory of underdevelopment

God's envoys destroying brazilian cities.

Poor Brazil: illiteracy, misery, noise, shouting, bullshit, unemployment, depravity... quality of life in the sewer system.

Illiteracy

The myth of the developed South.

National illiteracy

Education is already destroyed.

The myth

There no jobs in POA, let alone a revolution.
Let alone revolutionaries.

Men like Brizola no longer exist.

The perversity in power

In Brazil, famine, social alienation, poverty, illiteracy and misery will never be erradicated. No future.

Economic collapse? Only for the poor.

The perversity in power

In Brazil, famine, poverty, illiteracy and misery will never be erradicated.

Nana

However, in the midst of all this luxury, and surrounded by her courtiers, Nana was bored to tears. She had men for every minute of the night, and money all over the house, even among the brushes and combs in the drawers of her dressing-table. But all this had ceased to satisfy her; and she was conscious of a void in her existence, a gap which made her yawn. Her life dragged on without occupation, each day bringing back the same monotonous hours. The next day did not exist: she lived like a bird, sure of having enough to eat, and ready to perch on the first branch she came to. This certainty of being fed caused her to stretch out in languid ease all day, lulled to sleep in conventional idleness and submission as if she were the prisoner of her own profession. Never going out except in her carriage, she began to lose the use of her legs. She reverted to her childish habits, kissing Bijou from morning to night and killing time with stupid pleasures, as she waited for some man or other.

Émile Zola

1840 - 1902

The second sex

Very often the kept woman interiorizes her dependence; subjected to public opinion, she accepts its values; she admires the “fashionable world” and adopts its customs; she wants to be regarded according to bourgeois standards. She is a parasite of the rich bourgeoisie, and she adheres to its ideas; she is “right thinking”; in former times she would readily send her daughters to a convent school, and as she got older, she even went to Mass and openly converted. She is on the conservatives’ side. She is too proud to have made her place in this world to want to change. The struggle she wages to “arrive” does not dispose her to feelings of brotherhood and human solidarity; she paid for her success with too much slavish compliance to sincerely wish for universal freedom. Zola highlights this trait in Nana:

As for books and plays, Nana had very definite opinions: she wanted tender and noble works, things to make her dream and elevate her soul … she was riled up against the republicans. What on earth did those dirty people who never washed want? Weren’t people happy, didn’t the emperor do everything he could for the people? A pretty bit of filth, the people! She knew them, she could talk about them: No, you see, their republic would be a great misfortune for everyone. Oh, may god preserve the emperor as long as possible!

In times of war, no one displays a more aggressive patriotism than high-level prostitutes; they hope to rise to the level of duchess through the noble sentiments they affect. Commonplaces, clichés, prejudices, and conventional feelings form the basis of their public conversations, and they have often lost all sincerity deep in their hearts. Between lies and hyperbole, language is destroyed. The hetaera’s whole life is a show: her words, her gestures, are intended not to express her thoughts but to produce an effect. She plays a comedy of love for her protector: at times she plays it for herself. She plays comedies of respectability and prestige for the public: she ends up believing herself to be a paragon of virtue and a sacred idol. Stubborn bad faith governs her inner life and permits her studied lies to seem true.

The second sex

There has always been a vague connection between prostitution and art, because beauty and sexuality are ambiguously associated with each other. In fact, it is not Beauty that arouses desire: but the Platonic theory of love suggests hypocritical justifications for lust.

The prostitute who wishes to acquire a singular distinction does not limit herself to showing her flesh passively; she tries to have her own talents. 

A woman who “goes onstage” to earn a living is often tempted to use her charms for more intimate commercial ends.

It is this need to please another or a crowd that connects the movie star to the hetaera. They play a similar role in society: I will use the word “hetaera” to designate women who use not only their bodies but also their entire person as exploitable capital. 

The hetaera does not uncover the world, she opens no road to human transcendence: on the contrary, she seeks to take possession of it for her profit; offering herself for the approval of her admirers, she does not disavow this passive femininity that dooms her to man: she endows it with a magic power that allows her to take males into the trap of her presence, and to feed herself on them; she engulfs them with herself in immanence.

In this way, woman succeeds in acquiring a certain independence. Giving herself to many men, she belongs to none definitively; the money she accumulates, the name she “launches” as one launches a product, ensure her economic autonomy.

The “favorite royal mistresses” participated in the government of the world through their powerful lovers.

Woman might find compensation for the feminine inferiority complex in the money and services she extorts from man; money has a purifying role; it abolishes the war of the sexes. If many nonprofessional women insist on extracting checks and gifts from their lovers — making the man pay — and paying him, as we will see further on, it is not out of cupidity alone: it is to change him into an instrument.

The courtesan has the reputation of being frigid. It is useful for her to know how to govern her heart and her sexual appetite: sentimental or sensual, she risks being under the influence of a man who will exploit or dominate her or make her suffer. Among the sexual acts she accepts, there are many—especially early in her career—that humiliate her; her revolt against male arrogance is expressed by her frigidity. Hetaeras, like matrons, freely confide “tricks” to each other that enable them to “fake” their work. This contempt, this disgust for men clearly shows they are not at all sure they have won the game of exploiter-exploited.

By paying for his steady’s high heels and satin skirts, the pimp makes an investment that will bring a return; by offering his girlfriend pearls and furs, the industrialist or the producer displays his wealth and power through her: whether the woman is a means for earning money or a pretext for spending it, it is the same servitude. The gifts showered on her are chains. And are these clothes and jewels she wears really hers? Beautiful and famous, she can choose another if the master of the moment becomes odious. But beauty is a worry, a fragile treasure; the hetaera is totally dependent on her body, which time pitilessly degrades; the fight against aging is most dramatic for her. Beautiful and famous, she can choose another if the master of the moment becomes odious. But beauty is a worry, a fragile treasure; the hetaera is totally dependent on her body, which time pitilessly degrades; the fight against aging is most dramatic for her.

Letter

Dear John,

You asked me what I consider essential personal qualities in a future psychoanalyst.

The answer is comparatively simple. If you want to be a real psychoanalyst you have to have a great love of the truth, scientific truth as well as personal truth, and you have to place this appreciation of truth higher than any discomfort at meeting unpleasant facts, whether they belong to the world outside or to your own inner person.

Further, I think that a psychoanalyst should have interests beyond the limits of the medical field in facts that belong to sociology, literature and history, otherwise his outlook on his patient will remain too narrow. This point contains the necessary preparations beyond the requirements made on candidates of psychoanalysis in the institutes. You ought to be a great reader and become acquainted with the literature of many countries and cultures. In the great literary figures you will find people who know at least as much of human nature as the psychiatrists and psychologists try to do.

Does that answer your question?

Yours sincerely

Anna Freud

The second sex

It is not their moral and psychological situation that makes prostitutes’ existence miserable. It is their material condition that is deplorable for the most part. Exploited by their pimps and hotel keepers, they have no security, and three-quarters of them are penniless. After five years in the trade, around 75 percent of them have syphilis, says Dr. Bizard, who has treated thousands; among others, inexperienced minors are frighteningly susceptible to contamination; close to 25 percent must be operated on for complications resulting from gonorrhea. One in twenty has tuberculosis; 60 percent become alcoholics or drug addicts; 40 percent die before forty. It must be added that in spite of precautions, they do become pregnant from time to time, and they are generally operated on in bad conditions. Common prostitution is a hard job where the sexually and economically oppressed woman — subjected to the arbitrariness of the police, humiliating medical checkups, the whims of her clients, and the prospect of germs, sickness, and misery — is really reduced to the level of a thing.

There are many degrees between the common prostitute and the grand hetaera. The main difference is that the former trades in her pure generality, so that competition keeps her at a miserable level of living, while the latter tries to be recognized in her singularity: if she succeeds, she can aspire to a lofty future. Beauty, charm, and sex appeal are necessary for this, but they are not sufficient: the woman must be considered distinguished. Her value will often be revealed through a man’s desire: but she will be “launched” only when the man declares her price to the eyes of the world. In the last century, it was the town house, carriage and pair, and pearls that proved the influence of the cocotte on her protector and that raised her to the rank of demimondaine; her worth was confirmed as long as men continued to ruin themselves for her. Social and economic changes abolished the Blanche d’Antigny types. There is no longer a demimonde in which a reputation can be established. An ambitious woman has to try to attain fame in other ways. The most recent incarnation of the hetaera is the movie star. Flanked by her husband or serious male friend —  rigorously required by Hollywood — she is no less related to Phryne, Imperia, or Casque d’Or. She delivers Woman to the dreams of men who give her fortune and glory in exchange.

The second sex

Viewed from the standpoint of economics, the position of the prostitute corresponds with that of the married woman. In La Puberté Marro says: "The only difference between women who sell themselves in prostitution and those who sell themselves in marriage is in the price and the length of time the contract runs".

The prostitute is denied the rights of a person, she sums up all the forms of feminine slavery at once.

It is noteworthy, for one thing, that a large proportion of harlots are former domestic servants. A glance at any maid's room is enough to explain that fact. Exploited, enslaved, treated as a thing rather than a person, the maid-of-all-work, the chambermaid, can look forward to no improvement in her lot; sometimes she has to accept the attentions of the head of the family. From such domestic slavery and sexual subjection she slips into a slavery that could not be more degrading and that she dreams will be happier.

There are many girls who are prostituted by their parents; in certain families - like the famous American Jukes' - almost all the women are destined for this business.

Deschooling society

No one is fully exempt from the exploitation of others in the schooling process.

A radical program of deschooling could train youth in the new style of revolution needed to challenge a unjust social system.

Deschooling society

If we do not challenge the assumption that valuable knowledge is a commodity which under certain circumstances may be forced into the consumer, society will be increasingly dominated by sinister pseudo schools and totalitarian managers of information. Pedagogical therapists will drug their pupils more in order to teach them better, and students will drug themselves more to gain relief from the pressures of teachers and the race for certificates. Increasingly larger numbers of bureaucrats will presume to pose as teachers. The language of the schoolman has already been coopted by the adman. Now the general and the policeman try to dignify their professions by masquerading as educators. In a schooled society, warmaking and civil repression find an educational rationale. Pedagogical warfare in the style of Vietnam will be increasingly justified as the only way of teaching people the superior value of unending progress.

Repression will be seen as a missionary effort to hasten the coming of the mechanical Messiah. More and more countries will resort to the pedagogical torture already implemented in Brazil and Greece. This pedagogical torture is not used to extract information or to satisfy the psychic needs of sadists. It relies on random terror to break the integrity of an entire population and make it plastic material for the teachings invented by technocrats. The totally destructive and constantly progressive nature of obligatory instruction will fulfill its ultimate logic unless we begin to liberate ourselves right now from our pedagogical hubris, our belief that man can do what God cannot, namely, manipulate others for their own salvation.

The New Alienation

School is the institution which has a primary purpose the shapping of man's vision of reality.

Each of us is personally responsible for his or her own deschooling, and only we have the power to do it. No one can be excused if he fails to liberate himself from schooling. People could not free themselves from the Crown until at least some of them had freed themselves from the established Church. They cannot free themselves from progressive consumption until they free themselves from obligatory school.

The New Alienation

School makes alienation preparatory to life, thus depriving education of reality and work of creativity. School prepares for the alienating institutionalization of life by teaching the need to be taught. Once this lesson is learned, people lose their incentive to grow in independence; they no longer find relatedness attractive, and close themselves off to the surprises which life offers when it is not predetermined by institutional definition. And school directly or indirectly employs a major portion of the population. School either keeps people for life or makes sure that they will fit into some institution.

The New Alienation

Schools gives unlimited opportunity for legitimated waste.

Young people are prealienated by schools that isolate.

Deschooling society

School combines the expectations of the consumer expressed in its claims with the beliefs of the producer expressed in its ritual. It is a liturgical expression of a world-wide "cargo cult," reminiscent of the cults which swept Melanesia in the forties, which injected cultists with the belief that if they but put on a black tie over their naked torsos, Jesus would arrive in a steamer bearing an icebox, a pair of trousers, and a sewing machine for each believer.

The New Alienation

School is not only the New World Religion. It is also the world's fastest-growing labor market. The engineering of shit consumers has become the economy's principal growth sector. There is an increasing concentration of both capital and labor in the vast enterprise of equipping man for disciplined consumption of crap.

O século dos imbecis

A destruição de uma grande cultura vem geralmente acompanhada do surgimento de uma nova igreja que embrutecerá ainda mais à manada de acéfalos.

The myth of progress

Growth conceived as openended consumption - eternal progress - can never lead to maturity. Commitment to unlimited quantitative increase vitiates the possibility of organic development.

Just business is business, the never ending accumulation of money.

Mini galeria de perguntas meramente retóricas

Em que a "produção cultural" feita no Brasil pode contribuir para a teoria crítica? O que pode edificar o caráter periférico da malandragem? O que a condição subalterna, sua violência e sua famigerada vulgaridade podem contribuir para o cosmopolitismo e a vida da mente?

The Catcher in the Rye

One of the biggest reasons I left Elkton Hills was because I was surrounded by phonies. That's all. They were coming in the goddam window. For instance, they had this headmaster, Mr. Haas, that was the phoniest bastard I ever met in my life. Ten times worse than old Thurmer. On Sundays, for instance, old Haas went around shaking hands with everybody's parents when they drove up to school. He'd be charming as hell and all. Except if some boy had little old funny-looking parents. You should've seen the way he did with my roommate's parents. I mean if a boy's mother was sort of fat or corny-looking or something, and if somebody's father was one of those guys that wear those suits with very big shoulders and corny black-and-white shoes, then old Hans would just shake hands with them and give them a phony smile and then he'd go talk, for maybe a half an hour, with somebody else's parents. I can't stand that stuff. It drives me crazy. It makes me so depressed I go crazy. I hated that goddam Elkton Hills.

Um país de analfabetos

Em uma época de pragmatismo neoliberal hegemônico (onde os corpos de reservas de mão-de-obra pouco ou nada qualificados e analfabetos só precisam consumir) a cultura letrada foi descartada. Nos espaços de educação poucos são os que estudam. Isso é um fato. O que importa são o exercícios de futilidade como a conversa fiada no banho de sol da escola-prisão.

A barbaric country

The more poor a city is, 

the more crooks it has.

Dialética da escola-prisão

A instituição pública de educação não encarrega de conferir à criança em séries iniciais um modelo de formação letrada. É justamente por esse viés que a escola deve ser objeto de crítica e de uma mudança revolucionária a começar pela troca do corpo docente.

A educação pública se tornou uma instituição descartável e são inúmeros setores da vida social que questionam a sua existência. A sua razão de ser (a formação da cultura letrada) não faz parte dos objetivos gerais do "corpo pedagógico". 

Não haveria nenhum problema enviar as crianças para a escola, desde que ela não fosse uma prisão e a prioridade fosse o ensino em termos de conhecimento científico, o que não é a realidade do Brasil, em estado algum. A escola que o munícipio e o estado fornecem não tem qualidade. 

A escola pública é dirigida por vândalos. Não há nenhuma forma de socialização. É um espaço de violência e de embrutecimento. Se a escola for excluída das ações sociais a juventude nada irá perder. A escola não tem competência para construir um ambiente de camaradagem.

Nenhum estado poderia obrigar os pais a matricularem seus filhos em fábricas de salsichas. A prática de educar em casa pode ser interessante se o aspecto for a formação letrada de excelência. Pais com uma boa bagagem de literatura sabem do que estou tratando.

Homeschooling é praticado por muitos países do primeiro mundo que tem um excelente nível de qualidade de vida. A experiência da desescolarização pode ser boa se a atenção for o letramento do pensamento crítico. Qual o sentido de ir para a escola e não praticar a leitura?

O ensino doméstico é a única maneira de afastar as crianças da vulgaridade, da violência, das drogas, do embrutecimento e dos abusos psicológicos. Não há experiência de vida e socialização onde corpos jovens e sadios são danificados.

Dialectic of the school-prison

Neither in North America nor in Latin America do the poor get equality from obligatory schools.

Porque não me ufano

O pobre do Brasil não tem meios de produzir conhecimentos verdadeiros, mesmo tendo no polegar um aparelho que poderia auxiliar no desenvolvimento do conhecimento. A legitimação da produção cultural dos subdesenvolvidos (tudo o que pode ser vulgar) gerou fundamentalistas. O carente isolado não quer aprender a compor algo que seja belo aos olhos e agradável aos ouvidos. Não anseia construir sequer um discurso. É tudo absolutamente indigente: sua linguagem, seu imaginário, seu emprego, sua educação, seu bairro e sua cidade. Seu relacionamento com a terra está plenamente empobrecido. Não pertence ao mundo como um sujeito histórico.